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pre-colonization
Toronto has historically been the territory of the Haudensaunee, Wendat, and Anishanaabe people. The area that Downsview occupies is subject to the Dish with One Spoon Treaty between the aforementioned Nations.
1. Bolduc, Denise, Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere, Rebeka Tabobondung, and Brian Wright-McLeod, eds. 2021. Indigenous Toronto : Stories That Carry This Place. First edition. Toronto: Coach House Books.
Moatfield Village and Ossuary in what is now North York, with sample text and diagram showing map of burial site from 1300-1400 CE.
2. ROM Cat# HD12713. Gift of Evelyn H. C. Johnson in 1922.
https://www.wampumbear.com/W_Dish%20With%20One%20Spoon%20Belt.html
Illustration of Dish with one Spoon Wampum Belt. Was appropriated by Royal Ontario Museum at some point but does not currently seem to be in their catalogue.
3. Simpson, Leanne. "Looking after Gdoo-naaganinaa: Precolonial Nishnaabeg Diplomatic and Treaty Relationships."
Wicazo Sa Review 23, no. 2 (2008): 29-42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wic.0.0001.
Description of the nature and qualities of sovereignty and freedom present in the Dish with one Spoon treaty.
4. Bolduc, Denise, Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere, Rebeka Tabobondung, and Brian Wright-McLeod, eds. 2021. Indigenous Toronto : Stories That Carry This Place. First edition. Toronto: Coach House Books.
Description of Southern Ontario 4000-9000 years ago, with image of stone object from 4000 ago.
5. Nikolaas J. van der Merwe, Ronald F. Williamson, Susan Pfeiffer, Stephen Cox Thomas, Kim Oakberg Allegretto, The Moatfield ossuary: isotopic dietary analysis of an Iroquoian community, using dental tissue, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 22, Issue 3, 2003,
Pages 245-261, ISSN 0278-4165,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4165(03)00038-2.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416503000382)
Diagram showing isotopic regions relating to archeological villages.
6. Sandberg, L., Johnson, J., Gualtieri, R. & Lesage, L (2021). Re-Connecting with a Historical Site: On Narrative and the Huron-Wendat Ancestral Village at York University, Toronto, Canada. Ontario History, 113(1), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.7202/1076079ar
Arrowheads from historic Huron-Wendat village dated to around 1450 CE.
1. Bolduc, Denise, Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere, Rebeka Tabobondung, and Brian Wright-McLeod, eds. 2021. Indigenous Toronto : Stories That Carry This Place. First edition. Toronto: Coach House Books.
Moatfield Village and Ossuary in what is now North York, with sample text and diagram showing map of burial site from 1300-1400 CE.
2. ROM Cat# HD12713. Gift of Evelyn H. C. Johnson in 1922.
https://www.wampumbear.com/W_Dish%20With%20One%20Spoon%20Belt.html
Illustration of Dish with one Spoon Wampum Belt. Was appropriated by Royal Ontario Museum at some point but does not currently seem to be in their catalogue.
3. Simpson, Leanne. "Looking after Gdoo-naaganinaa: Precolonial Nishnaabeg Diplomatic and Treaty Relationships."
Wicazo Sa Review 23, no. 2 (2008): 29-42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wic.0.0001.
Description of the nature and qualities of sovereignty and freedom present in the Dish with one Spoon treaty.
4. Bolduc, Denise, Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere, Rebeka Tabobondung, and Brian Wright-McLeod, eds. 2021. Indigenous Toronto : Stories That Carry This Place. First edition. Toronto: Coach House Books.
Description of Southern Ontario 4000-9000 years ago, with image of stone object from 4000 ago.
5. Nikolaas J. van der Merwe, Ronald F. Williamson, Susan Pfeiffer, Stephen Cox Thomas, Kim Oakberg Allegretto, The Moatfield ossuary: isotopic dietary analysis of an Iroquoian community, using dental tissue, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, Volume 22, Issue 3, 2003,
Pages 245-261, ISSN 0278-4165,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4165(03)00038-2.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416503000382)
Diagram showing isotopic regions relating to archeological villages.
6. Sandberg, L., Johnson, J., Gualtieri, R. & Lesage, L (2021). Re-Connecting with a Historical Site: On Narrative and the Huron-Wendat Ancestral Village at York University, Toronto, Canada. Ontario History, 113(1), 80–105. https://doi.org/10.7202/1076079ar
Arrowheads from historic Huron-Wendat village dated to around 1450 CE.